Sprinkler System extinguishes the fire by discharging water
directly over the fire area in which the thermally sensitive sprinklers
were operated.
"It's
an integrated system of underground and overhead piping designed in
accordance with fire protection engineering standards. The installation
includes one or more automatic water supplies. The portion of the
sprinkler system above-ground is a network of specially sized or
hydraulically designed piping installed in a building, structure, or
area, generally overhead, and to which sprinklers are attached in a
systematic pattern. The valve controlling each system riser is located
in the system riser or its supply piping. Each sprinkler system riser
includes a device for actuating an alarm when the system is in operation.
The system is usually activated by heat from a fire and discharges water
over the fire area.
There
are several sprinkler system types:
Wet
Pipe System. A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers
attached to a piping system containing water and connected to a water
supply so that water discharges immediately from sprinklers opened by
heat from a fire.

Dry
Pipe System. A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers
attached to a piping system containing air or nitrogen under pressure,
the release of which (as from the opening of a sprinkler) permits the
water pressure to open a valve known as a dry pipe valve. The water then
flows into the piping
system and out the opened sprinklers.

Preaction
System. A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers attached
to a piping system containing air that may or may not be under pressure,
with a supplemental detection system installed in the same areas as the
sprinklers. Actuation of the detection system opens a valve that permits
water to flow into the sprinkler piping system and to be discharged from
any sprinklers that are open.
Deluge
System. A sprinkler system employing open sprinklers attached to a
water supply through a valve that is opened by the operation of a
detection system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers. When this
valve opens, water flow into the piping system and discharges from all
sprinklers attached thereto.
Combined
Dry Pipe-Pre-action System A
sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers attached to a piping
system containing air under pressure, with a supplemental detection
system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers. Operation of the
detection system actuates the tripping devices that open dry pipe valves
simultaneously and without
loss of air pressure in the system. Operation
of the detection system also opens listed air exhaust valves at the end
of feed main, which usually precedes the opening of sprinklers. The
detection system also serves as an automatic fire alarm system..."
(NFPA
13)
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